ERA 2023 Citation benchmarks
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ERA 2023 Citation benchmarks



This page shows the average cites per paper for each Field of Research and year.
These benchmarks are sourced from Clarivate Web of Science who is the ERA 2023 citation provider.
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FoR Description Analysis Method 2016 Average
cites per paper
2017 Average
cites per paper
2018 Average
cites per paper
2019 Average
cites per paper
2020 Average
cites per paper
2021 Average
cites per paper
30 - Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3001 - Agricultural biotechnology Citation
3002 - Agriculture, land and farm management Citation
3003 - Animal production Citation
3004 - Crop and pasture production Citation 20.6268423621278 17.67378315267246 14.720723943217116 11.767664733761773 8.81460552430643 2.55838243170862
3005 - Fisheries sciences Citation
3006 - Food sciences Citation
3007 - Forestry sciences Citation 11.5119193905136 9.773080574991438 8.034241759469275 6.295402943947113 4.55656412842495 1.79333647650479
3008 - Horticultural production Citation
3009 - Veterinary sciences Citation
3099 - Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences Citation
31 - Biological sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3101 - Biochemistry and cell biology Citation 26.3850568684159 22.335126853023876 18.28519683763185 14.235266822239826 10.1853368068478 3.66405502449007
3102 - Bioinformatics and computational biology Citation
3103 - Ecology Citation 17.3217097862767 14.383275645897573 11.444841505518449 8.506407365139324 5.5679732247602 2.03577918415941
3104 - Evolutionary biology Citation 17.1270523246893 14.112256801546023 11.097461278402745 8.082665755259468 5.06787023211619 1.99453987730061
3105 - Genetics Citation 23.5141770401106 19.608965865640073 15.703754691169548 11.798543516699024 7.8933323422285 2.93160269404303
3106 - Industrial biotechnology Citation
3107 - Microbiology Citation 24.2087384810931 20.718725407366374 17.22871233363965 13.738699259912925 10.2486861861862 3.42346340943792
3108 - Plant biology Citation 20.982852417635 17.546800664034993 14.110748910434985 10.674697156834977 7.23864540323497 2.76834295136026
3109 - Zoology Citation 27.9976683287298 22.122599496131947 16.247530663534093 10.372461830936242 4.49739299833839 1.70375316078075
3199 - Other biological sciences Citation 8.30309278350516 7.043001405810687 5.7829100281162145 4.522818650421742 3.26272727272727 1.02366863905325
32 - Biomedical and clinical sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3201 - Cardiovascular medicine and haematology Citation 24.2344419920339 20.67658984636115 17.1187377006884 13.56088555501565 10.0030334093429 3.48337996204488
3202 - Clinical sciences Citation 20.3310461001128 17.305030357051837 14.279014613990876 11.252998870929913 8.22698312786895 2.79851093025113
3203 - Dentistry Citation
3204 - Immunology Citation
3205 - Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Citation
3206 - Medical biotechnology Citation
3207 - Medical microbiology Citation
3208 - Medical physiology Citation
3209 - Neurosciences Citation 23.9093371376587 19.86327636081467 15.817215583970636 11.771154807126603 7.72509403028257 2.64773006511856
3210 - Nutrition and dietetics Citation 27.3404842653206 22.93861423908555 18.536744212850493 14.134874186615436 9.73300416038038 3.60704574536148
3211 - Oncology and carcinogenesis Citation 28.2270128180808 23.582141179131593 18.937269540182385 14.292397901233178 9.64752626228397 3.79110053805502
3212 - Ophthalmology and optometry Citation
3213 - Paediatrics Citation
3214 - Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences Citation 19.6139296219164 16.592360360306607 13.570791098696812 10.549221837087016 7.52765257547722 2.96842163022305
3215 - Reproductive medicine Citation 17.1590424776247 14.293365261521071 11.427688045417444 8.562010829313817 5.69633361321019 2.07391448458734
3299 - Other biomedical and clinical sciences Citation
33 - Built environment and design Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3301 - Architecture Peer Review
3302 - Building Peer Review
3303 - Design Peer Review
3304 - Urban and regional planning Peer Review
3399 - Other built environment and design Peer Review
34 - Chemical sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3401 - Analytical chemistry Citation
3402 - Inorganic chemistry Citation
3403 - Macromolecular and materials chemistry Citation 26.3401160346422 22.330157353303555 18.320198671964903 14.31023999062625 10.3002813092876 4.09697305961408
3404 - Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry Citation
3405 - Organic chemistry Citation
3406 - Physical chemistry Citation
3407 - Theoretical and computational chemistry Citation
3499 - Other chemical sciences Citation
35 - Commerce, management, tourism and services Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3501 - Accounting, auditing and accountability Peer Review
3502 - Banking, finance and investment Peer Review
3503 - Business systems in context Peer Review
3504 - Commercial services Peer Review
3505 - Human resources and industrial relations Peer Review
3506 - Marketing Peer Review
3507 - Strategy, management and organisational behaviour Peer Review
3508 - Tourism Peer Review
3509 - Transportation, logistics and supply chains Peer Review
3599 - Other commerce, management, tourism and services Peer Review
36 - Creative arts and writing Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3601 - Art history, theory and criticism Peer Review
3602 - Creative and professional writing Peer Review
3603 - Music Peer Review
3604 - Performing arts Peer Review
3605 - Screen and digital media Peer Review
3606 - Visual arts Peer Review
3699 - Other creative arts and writing Peer Review
37 - Earth sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3701 - Atmospheric sciences Citation
3702 - Climate change science Citation
3703 - Geochemistry Citation
3704 - Geoinformatics Citation
3705 - Geology Citation
3706 - Geophysics Citation
3707 - Hydrology Citation
3708 - Oceanography Citation
3709 - Physical geography and environmental geoscience Citation
3799 - Other earth sciences Citation
38 - Economics Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3801 - Applied economics Peer Review
3802 - Econometrics Peer Review
3803 - Economic theory Peer Review
3899 - Other economics Peer Review
39 - Education Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
3901 - Curriculum and pedagogy Peer Review
3902 - Education policy, sociology and philosophy Peer Review
3903 - Education systems Peer Review
3904 - Specialist studies in education Peer Review
3999 - Other Education Peer Review
40 - Engineering Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4001 - Aerospace engineering Citation
4002 - Automotive engineering Citation
4003 - Biomedical engineering Citation 24.4853975499557 20.702777449992396 16.92015735002909 13.137537250065785 9.35491715010248 3.79175651531021
4004 - Chemical engineering Citation
4005 - Civil engineering Citation 16.2565007845774 13.894283044330301 11.5320653040832 9.1698475638361 6.807629823589 2.82135194039433
4006 - Communications engineering Citation 17.6922910116014 15.011333769074987 12.330376526548575 9.649419284022162 6.96846204149575 2.70703482426395
4007 - Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics Citation
4008 - Electrical engineering Citation
4009 - Electronics, sensors and digital hardware Citation
4010 - Engineering practice and education Citation
4011 - Environmental engineering Citation
4012 - Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering Citation
4013 - Geomatic engineering Citation
4014 - Manufacturing engineering Citation
4015 - Maritime engineering Citation
4016 - Materials engineering Citation 23.6114260008997 20.315666271641476 17.01990654238325 13.724146813125026 10.4283870838668 4.42375515049934
4017 - Mechanical engineering Citation 19.9928714154561 17.00687560947157 14.02087980348704 11.03488399750251 8.04888819151798 3.55944350758853
4018 - Nanotechnology Citation
4019 - Resources engineering and extractive metallurgy Citation
4099 - Other engineering Citation
41 - Environmental sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4101 - Climate change impacts and adaptation Citation 31.5075966850829 26.119185696371265 20.730774707659627 15.342363718947988 9.95395273023635 3.91641337386018
4102 - Ecological applications Citation 23.4171105193076 19.491925456740162 15.566740394172726 11.641555331605288 7.71637026903785 2.93258104618916
4103 - Environmental biotechnology Citation
4104 - Environmental management Citation 20.6846920289855 17.33727263847627 13.989853247967044 10.642433857457817 7.29501446694859 2.99850595209408
4105 - Pollution and contamination Citation
4106 - Soil sciences Citation 21.950508030154 18.324172119327763 14.697836208501524 11.071500297675287 7.44516438684905 2.94158782394077
4199 - Other environmental sciences Citation
42 - Health sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4201 - Allied health and rehabilitation science Citation 16.7283912452084 13.807607675788173 10.886824106367946 7.966040536947718 5.04525696752749 1.75198640747589
4202 - Epidemiology Citation 21.5267548001259 18.783458957237276 16.04016311434865 13.296867271460025 10.5535714285714 3.53042700955786
4203 - Health services and systems Citation 16.7447119179163 14.253718521564423 11.762725125212542 9.271731728860662 6.78073833250878 2.36463517895128
4204 - Midwifery Citation 14.2342293664731 11.767349379197075 9.30046939192105 6.833589404645025 4.366709417369 1.61711552090716
4205 - Nursing Citation 13.5736887732987 11.27385664838041 8.97402452346212 6.6741923985438305 4.37436027362554 1.68976739733895
4206 - Public health Citation 16.7797587978352 14.423439560198958 12.067120322562712 9.710801084926466 7.35448184729022 2.52727272727273
4207 - Sports science and exercise Citation 20.8469288752892 17.24157675513132 13.63622463497344 10.03087251481556 6.42552039465768 2.30568932691231
4208 - Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine Citation 15.4055813953488 12.862687685509169 10.319793975669535 7.7769002658299025 5.23400655599027 2.07108344173945
4299 - Other health sciences Citation
43 - History, heritage and archaeology Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4301 - Archaeology Peer Review
4302 - Heritage, archive and museum studies Peer Review
4303 - Historical studies Peer Review
4399 - Other history, heritage and archaeology Peer Review
44 - Human society Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4401 - Anthropology Peer Review
4402 - Criminology Peer Review
4403 - Demography Peer Review
4404 - Development studies Peer Review
4405 - Gender studies Peer Review
4406 - Human geography Peer Review
4407 - Policy and administration Peer Review
4408 - Political science Peer Review
4409 - Social work Peer Review
4410 - Sociology Peer Review
4499 - Other human society Peer Review
45 - Indigenous studies Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4501 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture, language and history Peer Review
4502 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education Peer Review
4503 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander environmental knowledges and management Peer Review
4504 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing Peer Review
4505 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, society and community Peer Review
4506 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sciences Peer Review
4507 - Te ahurea, reo me te hitori o te Maori (Maori culture, language and history) Peer Review
4508 - Matauranga Maori (Maori education) Peer Review
4509 - Nga matauranga taiao o te Maori (Maori environmental knowledges) Peer Review
4510 - Te hauora me te oranga o te Maori (Maori health and wellbeing) Peer Review
4511 - Nga tangata, te porihanga me nga hapori o te Maori (Maori peoples, society and community) Peer Review
4512 - Nga putaiao Maori (Maori sciences) Peer Review
4513 - Pacific Peoples culture, language and history Peer Review
4514 - Pacific Peoples education Peer Review
4515 - Pacific Peoples environmental knowledges Peer Review
4516 - Pacific Peoples health and wellbeing Peer Review
4517 - Pacific Peoples sciences Peer Review
4518 - Pacific Peoples society and community Peer Review
4519 - Other Indigenous data, methodologies and global Indigenous studies Peer Review
4599 - Other Indigenous studies Peer Review
46 - Information and computing sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4601 - Applied computing Peer Review
4602 - Artificial intelligence Peer Review
4603 - Computer vision and multimedia computation Peer Review
4604 - Cybersecurity and privacy Peer Review
4605 - Data management and data science Peer Review
4606 - Distributed computing and systems software Peer Review
4607 - Graphics, augmented reality and games Peer Review
4608 - Human-centred computing Peer Review
4609 - Information systems Peer Review
4610 - Library and information studies Peer Review
4611 - Machine learning Peer Review
4612 - Software engineering Peer Review
4613 - Theory of computation Peer Review
4699 - Other information and computing sciences Peer Review
47 - Language, communication and culture Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4701 - Communication and media studies Peer Review
4702 - Cultural studies Peer Review
4703 - Language studies Peer Review
4704 - Linguistics Peer Review
4705 - Literary studies Peer Review
4799 - Other language, communication and culture Peer Review
48 - Law and legal studies Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4801 - Commercial law Peer Review
4802 - Environmental and resources law Peer Review
4803 - International and comparative law Peer Review
4804 - Law in context Peer Review
4805 - Legal systems Peer Review
4806 - Private law and civil obligations Peer Review
4807 - Public law Peer Review
4899 - Other law and legal studies Peer Review
49 - Mathematical sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4901 - Applied mathematics Citation
4902 - Mathematical physics Citation
4903 - Numerical and computational mathematics Citation
4904 - Pure mathematics Peer Review
4905 - Statistics Citation
4999 - Other mathematical sciences Citation
50 - Philosophy and religious studies Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
5001 - Applied ethics Peer Review
5002 - History and philosophy of specific fields Peer Review
5003 - Philosophy Peer Review
5004 - Religious studies Peer Review
5005 - Theology Peer Review
5099 - Other philosophy and religious studies Peer Review
51 - Physical sciences Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
5101 - Astronomical sciences Citation 23.3442009620524 19.79574333008513 16.24728569811786 12.69882806615059 9.15037043418332 3.8837312291155
5102 - Atomic, molecular and optical physics Citation
5103 - Classical physics Citation
5104 - Condensed matter physics Citation
5105 - Medical and biological physics Citation
5106 - Nuclear and plasma physics Citation
5107 - Particle and high energy physics Citation
5108 - Quantum physics Citation
5109 - Space sciences Citation
5110 - Synchrotrons and accelerators Citation
5199 - Other physical sciences Citation
52 - Psychology Analysis Method 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
5201 - Applied and developmental psychology Citation 20.0042852770125 16.631696953911792 13.259108630811081 9.88652030771037 6.51393198460966 2.31611024378528
5202 - Biological psychology Citation 23.4196608318832 19.478650043507713 15.537639255132229 11.596628466756744 7.65561767838126 2.68905414281693
5203 - Clinical and health psychology Citation 19.1503741054001 16.240228949605182 13.33008379381026 10.41993863801534 7.50979348222042 2.53995196589039
5204 - Cognitive and computational psychology Citation 20.9542602377807 17.16879788874922 13.383335539717741 9.597873190686261 5.81241084165478 2.17851272272996
5205 - Social and personality psychology Citation 17.9453927887128 14.913545371037078 11.881697953361352 8.849850535685626 5.8180031180099 2.1640978553158
5299 - Other psychology Citation

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